Means for confining a translatable member to straight line motion

ABSTRACT

In structure comprising a pair of elements, one movable in a straight path relative to the other, one of the elements is provided with a track having a true, flat master surface extending in the direction of motion and an oppositely facing generally flat and parallel surface. The other element has rollers on fixed axes engaging the master surface and rollers on yieldingly movable axes engaging the other surface to maintain the first mentioned rollers firmly engaged with the master surface.

United States Patent Angelstrand et a1.

[54] MEANS FOR CONFINING A TRANSLATABLE MEMBER TO STRAIGHT LINE MOTION[72] Inventors: Borje Angelstrand; Ragnar Mostrom; Henry Yngvesson, allof Jonkoping, Sweden [73] Assignee: Saab-Scania Aktiebolag, Linkoping,Sweden [22] Filed: Jan. 20, 1971 211, Appl. No.: 107,912

Related US. Application Data [62] Division of Ser. No. 854,147, Aug. 28,1969.

269/285, 269/320 51 int. cl. ..B23q 1/18, B23q 3/18, B25b 1/24 [58]FieldofSearch ..269/56,60,6l,65,285,320

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,784,624 3/1957 Plachecki..269/285 X [451 Sept. 12,1972

3,124,018 3/1964 Gough ..269/60 3,185,927 5/1965 Margulis ..269/60 X3,337,732 8/1967 Opocensky ..269/60 X 3,552,254 1/1971 Marczy ..269/320X 3,593,459 7/1971 Kulischenko ..269/56 X 3,600,576 8/ 1 97] Carter..269/60 X 3,638,933 2/1972 Bumette ..269/60 Primary Examiner-Wayne A.Morse, Jr. Attorney-Ira Milton Jones [57] ABSTRACT In structurecomprising a pair of elements, one movable in a straight path relativeto the other, one of the elements is provided with a track having atrue, flat master surface extending in the direction of motion and anoppositely facing generally flat and parallel surface. The other elementhas rollers on fixed axes engaging the master surface and rollers onyieldingly movable axes engaging the other surface to maintain the firstmentioned rollers firmly engaged with the master surface.

4 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures SHEET '4 BF 4 mil,

INVENTORS 1}? A ngelsimand gnar Afusbrc'im TTOR Hll

Will I I l I? PATENTEUSEP 1 2 I972 MEANS FOR CONFINING A TRANSLATABLEMEMBER TO STRAIGHT LINE MOTION This application is a division of US.patent application Ser. No. 854,147, filed Aug. 28, 1969 in the names ofBiirje Angelstrand and Ragnar Mostrom.

This invention relates generally to means for constraining a movableelement to move in a straight path having a desired orientation, and hasutility, for example, in coordinate tables used to carry film to bescanned so that it can be shifted edgewise to bring any predeterminedpart of the film into alignment with a fixed axisnormal to the plane ofthe film.

The above mentioned application describes in more detail the reasons forscanning photographic film taken in connection with bubble chamberexperiments, and the apparatus used in obtaining data from suchscanning, and it may be referred to for further details concerning anenvironment in which the invention can be advantageously employed.Suffice it to say here that the film to be scanned or read is in theformof long strips, each having on itnumerous lengthwise-adjacentphotographs or frames. For convenience, each strip is normally coiled onareel or spooland is fed through the scanner or reading machine, frameby frame, from a'supply reel to a takeup reel.

Each frame of film to be analyzed may contain one or more sets ofdiverging tracks that signify events, along with numerous other linesthat trace the paths of particles that did not take part in events andwhich are therefore not of interest.

Selection of each part of a frame of film to be scanned is accomplished,at least in part, with the aid of a human operator. As it scans theimage on the film, an automatic reader produces signals corresponding toall tracks on the portion of the film being scanned. These signals arefed to a computer which in effect rejects signals corresponding totracks not of interest and preserves data relating to events selectedfor analysis.

One type of information that the reading apparatus is required to obtainfrom the photographic record of an event is the exact location of theevent in the bubble chamber space, as signified by the location on eachphotograph of the event of its vertex, that is, the junction of thediverging track lines which characterize the event. To obtain this datathere must be provision in the machine for relative motion between thefilm and the scanning mechanism, so that the image of the vertex can bebrought into exact coincidence with a defined axis of the scanningdevice, and the machine must also have measuring apparatus which isresponsive to such motion to establish the location of the vertex byreference to a coordinate system in the machine that is related in aknown manner to the coordinate system of the bubble chamber.

While reading machines have been proposed that provide for movement ofthe film relative to a' stationary optical axis, they have notheretofore been completely successful, and it is thus a general objectof this invention to provide apparatus which avoids the problems andovercomes the difficulties that characterized prior reading machines inwhich the film was moved.

More specifically, the film being read in a machine with a fixed opticalaxis passes flatwise across a horizontal film table that is horizontallymovable in all directions. The film is lengthwise advanced across thefilm table frame by frame, from a supply reel at one side of the filmtable to a takeup reel at the other side thereof, and as each frame tobe scanned is brought into register with an aperture in the table, theportions of the film adjacent to that frame are clamped flatwise to thetable so as to be constrained to move horizontally with the table.

It is evident that the accurate taking of data from the film beingscanned requires that the table to which the film is clamped be moved intruly straight lines along exactly perpendicular coordinate axes lyingin they plane of the film, and it is another object of this invention toprovide structure for constraining a table of the general character justdescribed to motion along such straight and mutually perpendicularlines.

It is another and more specific object of this invention to providemounting means for the elements of a coordinate table by which the sameis. guided for straight line motion along a pair of coordinate axes, andto provide means by which such guidemeans can be so adjusted as toinsure that the paths of table motion are exactly in mutuallyperpendicular relation to one another.

'With these observations and objects in mind, the

manner in which the invention achieves its purpose will be appreciatedfrom the following description and the accompanying drawings. Thisdisclosure is, intended merely to exemplify the invention. The inventionis not limited to the particular structure disclosed, and changes can bemade therein whichlie within the scope of the appended claims withoutdeparting from the invention.

The drawings illustrate one complete example of a physical embodiment ofthe invention constructed according to the best mode so far devised forthe practical applicationof the principles thereof, and in which:

FIG. 1 is a general perspective viewof reading apparatus embodying theprinciples of this invention;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view on a larger scale of the film movingmechanism of this invention;

FIG. 3 is a fragmentary perspective view, on a still larger scale,showing the means by which the film table is mounted for motion inopposite directions;

FIG. 4 is a more or less diagrammatic side elevation view of the filmtable and its carriage; and

FIG. 5 is a plan view of the film table and its carriage,

also somewhat diagrammatic, with portions shown broken away.

Referring now more particularly to the accompanying drawings, thenumeral 3 designates generally a reading machine in which the presentinvention is embodied, and FIG. 1 illustrates it in its relationship toapparatus with which it cooperates.

The film to be analyzed or read by means of the reading machine 3 is inthe form of long strips, each divided along its length into a number offrames, and each frame usually containing a record of one or more eventswhich are of interest. To facilitate handling, each strip is normallywound onto a reel 4 to form a roll. Inasmuch as each experiment in abubble chamber is photographed simultaneously by three cameras, threerelated rolls of film must be read more or less simultaneously, tocoordinate data for each frame in each roll with that for thecorresponding frames in the other two rolls. The frames in each :rollare successively numbered before the film is presented to the readingmachine 3, to facilitate identification of the recorded events.

In FIG. 1, three related strips of film to be scanned by the readingmachine are respectively designated 5, 6 and 7. They extend across ahorizontal table 8 on the reading machine having three apertures 5a, 6a,7a, one for each strip, that can be brought into alignment with asuitable light source (not shown) which is located beneath the table.Film transport means, comprising a suitable capstan drive 9, providesfor lengthwise advancing the strips of film simultaneously across thetable 8,'to permit successive frames on each strip to be brought intoregister with the apertures in the table for the purpose of scanning. Asdescribed hereinafter, the film table is capable of bodily movement inall horizontal directions to permit any selected portion of a frame offilm to be brought into alignment with the optical axis of an objectivehead 10 which is fixed above the film table and which comprisesreflecting means.

The filmtable is provided with remotely controllable clamping means (notshown), which can be actuated magnetically or by vacuum and by whichportions of each film strip that are adjacent to a frame registeringwith an aperture in the table can be releasably flatwise clamped to thetable to compel the film to move with the table.

The image on the film frame that is under the objective head isprojected up into the objective head, thence horizontally in onedirection, and finally down onto the top surface of an operators table11. An obliquely disposed mirror 12 above the operators table receivesthe image from the objective head and reflects it downwardly onto theoperators table.

The image is also projected from the objective head in the oppositehorizontal direction, toward a half-silvered mirror 13, whence it isreflected downwardly into a scanning device 14. The image is alsoprojected through the half-silvered mirror into a television camera 15which receives only a very small portion of the total image on a filmframe, corresponding to about a square milimeter of the film around theaxis of the objective head. The image of this small area is presented tothe operator, in very greatly magnified form, on the screen of atelevision receiver 16 that is connected with the television camera.This highly magnified portion of the total image is used for accuratelylocating the film table to bring the vertex of the event record to bestudied into exact coincidence with the axis of the objective head andhence into coincidence with the scanning axis of the scanning device 14.

On the operators table there is a control console '17 for controllingfilm advance and the horizontal movements of the film table.

The scanning device 14 is connected with an electronic computer 21through an adaptor 22 which is in itself a form of electronic computer.Further information concerning the scanning apparatus can be ob tainedfrom the above mentioned application. From even the brief description ofthe scanning device there given it will be evident that it would not befeasible to move the scanning mechanism to bring its axis intocoincidence with the image of a vertex on the film; and therefore thepresent invention contemplates bodily movement of the film table 8 toallow the film to be carried to a position where such coincidenceexists. It will be appreciated that the portion of the film that isbeing scanned must be compelled to partake of all horizontal motion ofthe table and that the table must be moved with precision in order toinsure that data concerning its movements will accurately depict thelocation of the vertex on the film.

The table is supported on the top of a frame structure 25 which, asshown, can comprise a cabinet that houses the scanning device 14. Tocarry the table for horizontal motion in Y-directions, transverse to thelength of the film, there is a movable carriage'26 upon which the tableis mounted and which rides on rails 27 and 28 on the frame structurethat extend in the Y-directions. Rails 29 and 30 on the top of thecarriage, extending in the X-directions, parallel to the length of thefilm, constrain the table to move with the carriage in the Y- directionsbut guide the table for X-direction motions relative to the carriage.

' The upper surfaces of the rails 27 and 28 that support and guide thecarriage 26 are horizontal-and fiat. They are engaged by carriagesupporting rollers 31 that are journaled on the carriage for freerotation on horizontal axes. Guidance of the carriage for precise linearmotion in the Y-directions is provided by means of an uprightlongitudinal-surface 32 on the rail 28, which surface is finished withspecial attention to insure that it will be accurately straight and flatand oriented exactly in the Y-directions. The surface 32 is engaged byrollers 33 on the carriage that have upright shafts 34 which are fixedon the carriage at locations spaced apart in the Y-direction but whichare laterally adjustable relative to the carriage.

The opposite upright surface 35 on the rail 28, which can be considereda reaction surface, is made reasonably straight and parallel to themaster guide surface 32. The reaction surface is engaged by rollers 36which likewise have upright shafts 37, but these are secured to thecarriage in a manner described hereinafter to be biased for yieldingreaction between the carriage and the surface 35 by which the carriageis urged in the direction to maintain the rollers 33 engaged with themaster guide surface 32.

The shaft 34 for each of the rollers 33 that engage the master guidesurface 32 is received in a blocklike holder 38 (see FIG. 3) that isrigidly secured to the carriage. Each shaft 34 has a cylindrical upperportion which is received in its holder 38 and a lower rollerjoumalingportion which is eccentric to its upper portion; hence rotation of theupper portion of the shaft carries the roller 33 for translatoryadjustment relative to the carriage in the X-directions. To facilitatesuch adjustment each shaft can have a headed upper end portion 39 whichprojects above its holder and which is provided with a screw drivercross-slot. The block-like holder 38 in which each shaft is received canhave a slot 40 that extends outwardly from its shaft receiving bore, andclamping screws 41 that extend transversely through the bifurcationsdefined by this slot can be tightened to hold the shaft in any'positionof rotational adjustment in which it may be established. The purpose ofsuch adjustment of the shafts is to provide for so orienting thecarriage that the X-direction table guide rail 29 thereon is exactly ata right angle to the Y- direction carriage guide rails 28, said rightangle being designated by V in FIG. 5.

The shaft 37 for each roller 36 is received in a blocklike clampingholder 43, but instead of being rigidly secured to the carriage, eachholder 43 is formed on the free end of one leg of a-resilientsubstantially U- shaped spring member 42. The other leg of the springmember, and its bight portion, are secured to, thecarriage with the legsunder convergent biasby which the roller .36 is urged toward thereaction surface 35. Preferably the shafts 37 for the rollers 36 areformed like the roller shafts 34, with eccentrically offset upper andlower portions, and the holders 41 are likewise formed as clampingmembers by which the shafts 37 can be held in any desired position ofrotational adjustment. Such adjustment of the shafts 37 varies thebiasing force which the rollers 36 exert against the reaction surface35, allowing that force to be established ata value high enough toassure maintenance of engagement betweenthe rollers 33 and the masterguidesurface 32 but not so high as to entail resistance to easy motionof the carriage when the rollers 36 pass over any high spots on thereaction surface 35. v The table is provided with rollers 44 whichrotate on horizontal axes and which ride on the top surfaces'ofthe-rails 29 and 30 on the carriage, and is also provided with rollersthat rotate on upright axes and cooperate with master and reactionsurfaces formed on one of those rails. The arrangement of the rollers onthe table canof course correspond to that of the rollers on thecarriage. I

Preferably the horizontal shafts for the rollers 31 and 44which'respectively support the carriage and'the table are formed witheccentrically offset securement and journal portions ,to provide foradjustments that will assure accurately horizontal orientation andmotion of the table.

The carriage is driven for movements in 'the Y- direction by means of aY-drive motor 46"which is mounted on the frame structure 25 and whichhas its shaft coaxially coupled with a lead screw 47 that extends in theY-direction and is confined against axial motion. The lead screwcooperates with a female threaded element 48 that is anchored on thecarriage. The table is similarly driven for X-direction movementsrelative to the carriage by means of an X-drive motor 49 that is mountedon the carriage and drives a coaxial lead screw 50 that extends in theX-direction.

The motors 46 and 49 are controllable from the operators console 17 aswell as by the computer mechanisms. It will be understood that suitabletransducers (not shown) are associated with the carriage and with thetable, respectively, to feed to the computer mechanism signals denotingthe magnitudes and directions of table movements, which signals are usedin conjunction with the output of the scanning device.

Carriers 52 and 53 for the supply and takeup reels 4 are mounted atopposite sides of the frame structure 25, spaced from the table in theX-directions. Each carrier accommodates the reels for the three filmstrips 5, 6 and 7 being processed through the machine and is verticallyelongated, extending downwardly a substantial distance along one side ofthe frame structure with its top at about the level of the table and itsbottom a substantial distance below the level of the carriage rails 27and 28. j

The reels are supported in each reel carrier for rotation on axes thatextend in the Y-direction. Inside the carrier each film strip extendsfrom its reel in a downward loop througha so-calledvacuum buffer 55,comprising loop level detecting vacuum operated switches 56 that controlthe rotation of the film reels in accordance with the rate of filmadvance effected by the capstan drive 9. From the vacuum bufferthe filmis trained over rollers 57 which guide it upwardly out of the carrierand horizontally partway toward the table. thence around the roller ofthe capstan drive and again horizontally to the table. m

For proper guidance of the film within each reelcarrier, the reel isconstrained against axial motion relative to the reel carrier; but toavoid twisting of the film each reel carrier as a whole is bodily movedin the Y- directions in unison with Y-direction movements of the table.i

Each reel carrier is mounted for such movement by means of a shaft 59which extends in the Y-directions and which is supported on brackets 60that project inwardly from: the side surface of the reel carrier 52.Ball bushings 61 on the frame structure 25 surround the shaft to mountthe reel carrierand the shaft for. motion along the frame structure andalso permit the reel carrie or to swing freely about the axisof theshaft. Since the ball bushings 61 are located above the center ofgravity of the reel carrier, and are spaced from itscenter of gravity inthe direction toward the adjaeentsideof the frame structure, the bottomof the reel carrier tends to swinginwardly toward said side of the framestructure. The limit of such swinging motion is defined by a rail 62 onthe side of the frame structure extending in the Y- directions, spaced adistancebelow the shaft59 and having a flat outwardly facing surface,which surface is engaged by rollers 63 on the reel carrier. lt will beevident that this mounting arrangement for each reel carrier providesfor easy motion thereof in exactly the desired directions withoutinvolving manufacturing problems and complications. a

Each reel carrier is constrained to move in unison with the table in theY-directions by means of drive means for the reel carriers that aresynchronized with the drive means by which the carriage 26 is moved. Asshown in FIG. 2, there is a lead screw 65 for each reel carrier thatextends in the Y-directions and is journaled in the frame structure andconstrained to rotation. Cooperating with each lead screw is a femalethreaded element or nut 66 that is so mounted on the reel carrier as tobe confined against rotation but to constrain the reel carrier to movein unison with it in the Y-directions while providingfor limitedswinging motion of the reel carrier relative to it.

Each of the reel carrier driving lead screws 65 has a pulley 67 on itsprojecting outer end portion, and there is a double pulley 68 on theshaft of the Y-drive motor 46. Toothed belts 69 connect the drivingpulley 68 with the respective pulleys 67 on the lead screws 65 and thusdrive the reel carriers in the Y-directions in synchronism withY-direction motion of the film table.

From the foregoing description taken with the accompanying drawings itwill be apparent that this invention provides a film carrying table orthe like having elements constrained to straight line motion relative toone another and having simple means for adjusting the angularrelationship of the paths of linear motion of such elements.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention can beembodied in forms other than as herein disclosed for purposes ofillustration.

The invention is defined by the following claims:

1. In a machine for, analyzing photographic and similar records toderive quantitative data therefrom, having a table member and, means forreleasably securing a record to the table member in a predeterminedposition thereon, by which table member the record can be moved edgewiseto bring any selected point on the record into coincidence with a fixedreference axis transverse to the plane of the record, means forconstraining the table member to motion along coordinate axes that areperpendicular to one another and to said reference axis so that thelocation of a selected point on the record can be determined by thedistance the table member is moved along each of said coordinate axes,the last mentioned means comprising:

A. fixed means on the machine defining l. a pair of first supportingsurfaces, each lying in a plane transverse to the reference axis andextending parallel to one of said coordinate axes, said first surfacesbeing spaced apart in the direction of the other coordinate axis,

2. a first elongated master surface which lies in a plane substantiallyparallel to the reference axis and extends lengthwise parallel to saidone coordinate axis, and

3, a first elongated reaction surface substantially parallel to saidfirst master surface but facing in the opposite direction; B. a carriagemember for movement in directions parallel to said one coordinate axis;C. means fixed on the carriage member defining l. a pair of secondsupporting surfaces, each lying in a plane transverse to the referenceaxis and extending lengthwise parallel to the other coordinate axis,said second supporting surfaces being spaced apart in the direction ofthe first mentioned coordinate axis,

2. a second elongated master surface which lies in a plane substantiallyparallel to the reference axis and extends lengthwise parallel to saidother coordinate axis, and

3. a second elongated reaction surface substantially parallel to saidsecond master surface but facing in the opposite direction;

D. a plurality of pairs of rollers, one pair engaging each of saidsurfaces; and

E. means mounting said rollers on said members with the two rollers ofeach pair spaced apart lengthwise of the surface which the same engage,

l. the means mounting the rollers that engage said pairs of supportingsurfaces providing for rotation thereof on axes fixed on the respectivemembers,

2. the means mounting the rollers that engage the master surfacesproviding for individual adjusting movement of the axes of said rollersin directions transverse to the master surfaces that they respectivelyengage to provide for orienting the second master surface accuratelyperpendicular to the first master surface, and to enable adjustment ofthe table member to a desired orientation, and

3. the means mounting the rollers that engage said reaction surfacescomprising biasing means reacting between the respective members andreaction surfaces in the directions to maintain engagement of the mastersurfaces by their rollers.

2. The machine of claim 1 further characterized by:

the means mounting the rollers that'engage said pairs of supportingsurfaces providing for adjusting individual movement of the axes of saidrollers in directions parallel to said reference axis to provide fororientation and motion of a record on the table member in a planeaccurately perpendicular to the reference axis.

3. In a machine having a table member with a workpiece supporting faceand which is intended to be moved edgewise to bring any selected pointon its said face into coincidence with a fixed reference axis transverseto the plane of said face, means for constraining the table member tomotion along coordinate axes that are at a desired angle to one anotherand mutually perpendicular to said reference axis so that the locationof a selected point on said face can'be determined by the distance thetable member is moved along each of said coordinate axes, the lastmentioned means comprising:

A. fixed means on the machine defining l. a pair of first supportingsurfaces, each lying in a plane transverse to the reference axis andextending parallel to one of said coordinate axes, said first surfacesbeing spaced apart in the direction of the other coordinate axis,

2. a first elongated master surface which lies in a plane substantiallyparallel to the reference axis and extends lengthwise parallel to saidone coordinate axis, and

3. a first elongated reaction surface substantially parallel to saidfirst master surface but facing in the opposite direction;

B. a carriage member for movement in directions parallel to said onecoordinate axis; C. means fixed on the carriage member defining l. apair of second supporting surfaces, each lying in a plane transverse tothe reference axis and extending lengthwise parallel to the othercoordinate axis, said second supporting surfaces being spaced apart inthe direction of the first mentioned coordinate axis,

2. a second elongated master surface which lies in a plane substantiallyparallel to the reference axis and extends lengthwise parallel to saidother coordinate axis, and

3. a second elongated reaction surface substantially parallel to saidsecond master surface but facing in the opposite direction;

D. a plurality of pairs of rollers, one pair engaging each of saidsurfaces; and

E. means mounting said rollers on said members with the two rollers ofeach pair spaced apart lengthwise of the surface which the same engage,

l. the means mounting the rollers that engage said pairs of supportingsurfaces providing for rotation thereof on axes fixed on the respectivemembers,

2. the means mounting the rollers that engage the first master surfaceproviding for individual adlers. 4. The machine of claim 3 furthercharacterized by: the means mounting the rollers that engage said pairsof supporting surfaces providing for adjusting individual movement ofthe axes of said rollers in directions parallel to said reference axisto provide for orientation and motion of workpiece on the table memberin a plane accurately perpendicular to the reference axis.

1. In a machine for analyzing photographic and similar records to derivequantitative data therefrom, having a table member and means forreleasably securing a record to the table member in a predeterminedposition thereon, by which table member the record can be moved edgewiseto bring any selected point on the record into coincidence with a fixedreference axis transverse to the plane of the record, means forconstraining the table member to motion along coordinate axes that areperpendicular to one another and to said reference axis so that thelocation of a selected point on the record can be determined by thedistance the table member is moved along each of said coordinate axes,the last mentioned means comprising: A. fixed means on the machinedefining
 1. a pair of first supporting surfaces, each lying in a planetransverse to the reference axis and extending parallel to one of saidcoordinate axes, said first surfaces being spaced apart in the directionof the other coordinate axis,
 2. a first elongated master surface whichlies in a plane substantially parallel to the reference axis and extendslengthwise parallel to said one coordinate axis, and
 3. a firstelongated reaction surface substantially parallel to said first mastersurface but facing in the opposite direction; B. a carriage member formovement in directions parallel to said one coordinate axis; C. meansfixed on the carriage member defining
 1. a pair of second supportingsurfaces, each lying in a plane transverse to the reference axis andextending lengthwise parallel to the other coordinate axis, said secondsupporting surfaces being spaced apart in the direction of the firstmentioned coordinate axis,
 2. a second elongated master surface whichlies in a plane substantially parallel to the reference axis and extendslengthwise parallel to said other coordinate axis, and
 3. a secondelongated reaction surface substantially parallel to said second mastersurface but facing in the opposite Direction; D. a plurality of pairs ofrollers, one pair engaging each of said surfaces; and E. means mountingsaid rollers on said members with the two rollers of each pair spacedapart lengthwise of the surface which the same engage,
 1. the meansmounting the rollers that engage said pairs of supporting surfacesproviding for rotation thereof on axes fixed on the respective members,2. the means mounting the rollers that engage the master surfacesproviding for individual adjusting movement of the axes of said rollersin directions transverse to the master surfaces that they respectivelyengage to provide for orienting the second master surface accuratelyperpendicular to the first master surface, and to enable adjustment ofthe table member to a desired orientation, and
 3. the means mounting therollers that engage said reaction surfaces comprising biasing meansreacting between the respective members and reaction surfaces in thedirections to maintain engagement of the master surfaces by theirrollers.
 2. the means mounting the rollers that engage the first mastersurface providing for individual adjusting movement of the axes of saidrollers in directions transverse to said master surface to provide fororientinG the second master surface accurately at a desired angle to thefirst master surface, and
 2. a first elongated master surface which liesin a plane substantially parallel to the reference axis and extendslengthwise parallel to said one coordinate axis, and
 2. a secondelongated master surface which lies in a plane substantially parallel tothe reference axis and extends lengthwise parallel to said othercoordinate axis, and
 2. the means mounting the rollers that engage themaster surfaces providing for individual adjusting movement of the axesof said rollers in directions transverse to the master surfaces thatthey respectively engage to provide for orienting the second mastersurface accurately perpendicular to the first master surface, and toenable adjustment of the table member to a desired orientation, and 2.The machine of claim 1 further characterized by: the means mounting therollers that engage said pairs of supporting surfaces providing foradjusting individual movement of the axes of said rollers in directionsparallel to said reference axis to provide for orientation and motion ofa record on the table member in a plane accurately perpendicular to thereference axis.
 2. a second elongated master surface which lies in aplane substantially parallel to the reference axis and extendslengthwise parallel to said other coordinate axis, and
 2. a firstelongated master surface which lies in a plane substantially parallel tothe reference axis and extends lengthwise parallel to said onecoordinate axis, and
 3. In a machine having a table member with aworkpiece supporting face and which is intended to be moved edgewise tobring any selected point on its said face into coincidence with a fixedreference axis transverse to the plane of said face, means forconstraining the table member to motion along coordinate axes that areat a desired angle to one another and mutually perpendicular to saidreference axis so that the location of a selected point on said face canbe determined by the distance the table member is moved along each ofsaid coordinate axes, the last mentioned means comprising: A. fixedmeans on the machine defining
 3. a first elongated reaction surfacesubstantially parallel to said first master surface but facing in theopposite direction; B. a carriage member for movement in directionsparallel to said one coordinate axis; C. means fixed on the carriagemember defining
 3. a second elongated reaction surface substantiallyparallel to said second master surface but facing in the oppositeDirection; D. a plurality of pairs of rollers, one pair engaging each ofsaid surfaces; and E. means mounting said rollers on said members withthe two rollers of each pair spaced apart lengthwise of the surfacewhich the same engage,
 3. a second elongated reaction surfacesubstantially parallel to said second master surface but facing in theopposite direction; D. a plurality of pairs of rollers, one pairengaging each of said surfaces; and E. means mounting said rollers onsaid members with the two rollers of each pair spaced apart lengthwiseof the surface which the same engage,
 3. a first elongated reactionsurface substantially parallel to said first master surface but facingin the opposite direction; B. a carriage member for movement indirections parallel to said one coordinate axis; C. means fixed on thecarriage member defining
 3. the means mounting the rollers that engagesaid reaction surfaces comprising biasing means reacting between therespective members and reaction surfaces in the directions to maintainengagement of the master surfaces by their rollers.
 3. the meansmounting the rollers that engage said reaction surfaces comprisingbiasing means reacting between the respective members and reactionsurfaces in the directions to maintain engagement of the master surfacesby their rollers.
 4. The machine of claim 3 further characterized by:the means mounting the rollers that engage said pairs of supportingsurfaces providing for adjusting individual movement of the axes of saidrollers in directions parallel to said reference axis to provide fororientation and motion of workpiece on the table member in a planeaccurately perpendicular to the reference axis.